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Bitcoin

The World's First Decentralized Digital Currency

Digital Gold with Properties of Perfect Money

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19.89M
Bitcoins Mined
1.11M
Bitcoins Remaining
21M
Maximum Supply
3.125
Current Block Reward

🏛️ The 8 Properties of Perfect Money: How Bitcoin Measures Up

Perfect money should possess eight key properties to function as an ideal medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. Here's how Bitcoin compares to these timeless monetary principles:

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1. Durability
Bitcoin is like digital gold - it can't rust, break, or decay. As long as the network exists, your Bitcoin remains intact forever.
Perfect Score
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2. Portability
Think of Bitcoin as money that travels at the speed of light. You can send millions of dollars across the globe in minutes, unlike carrying heavy gold bars or stacks of cash.
Perfect Score
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3. Divisibility
Bitcoin is like a pizza that can be cut into 100 million tiny slices (satoshis). You can buy a cup of coffee with just a few slices, making it extremely divisible for any transaction size.
Perfect Score
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4. Uniformity
Every Bitcoin is identical to every other Bitcoin, like perfectly minted coins. One Bitcoin in Japan has the exact same value and properties as one Bitcoin in Brazil.
Perfect Score
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5. Limited Supply
Bitcoin is like a rare collectible with only 21 million pieces ever to be created. This scarcity is built into its code, unlike traditional money that governments can print endlessly.
Perfect Score
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6. Acceptability
Bitcoin is like a universal language that's increasingly spoken worldwide. While not yet accepted everywhere, its recognition and acceptance continue to grow globally.
Growing Rapidly
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7. Non-Confiscatable
Bitcoin is like money stored in your mind. If you memorize your private key, your wealth exists purely as knowledge that no government, bank, or authority can physically seize.
Revolutionary Feature
8. Stability
This property measures price stability over time. Bitcoin currently shows some volatility as it transitions from a speculative asset toward a more established monetary standard. Its volatility has decreased over time as adoption increases.
Improving

🎯 Bitcoin's Perfect Money Score: 7/8

Bitcoin excels at 7 out of 8 evaluated properties of perfect money, with its stability still improving over time. The non-confiscatable property remains Bitcoin's most revolutionary feature - it's the first form of money in human history that can be truly owned by individuals without any intermediary having the power to freeze or seize it.

📊 Bitcoin Supply & Issuance Model

Current Supply Status (July 2025)

Circulating Supply: 19.89 million BTC (94.7% of total supply)

Remaining to Mine: 1.11 million BTC (5.3% of total supply)

Estimated Final Bitcoin: ~2140 AD

94.7% Mined

🎯 Bitcoin Halving Schedule

Every 210,000 blocks (approximately 4 years), the mining reward is cut in half. This creates Bitcoin's deflationary monetary policy:

2009-2012
50 BTC
Genesis Era
2012-2016
25 BTC
1st Halving
2016-2020
12.5 BTC
2nd Halving
2020-2024
6.25 BTC
3rd Halving
2024-2028
3.125 BTC
4th Halving

⚠️ What Happens When All Bitcoins Are Mined?

When all 21 million bitcoins are mined around 2140:

  • Mining Rewards End: Miners will only earn transaction fees
  • Fee Market Development: Transaction fees must incentivize network security
  • Gradual Transition: Halvings every 4 years give time to adapt
  • Layer 2 Solutions: Lightning Network may handle daily transactions

⚙️ Transaction Processing & Network Security

~10 min
Block Time
~7 TPS
Base Layer Throughput
918 EH/s
Current Hashrate
126.95T
Mining Difficulty (Projected)

📈 Mining Difficulty Status

Current Difficulty: ~117-125 Trillion

Network Hashrate: 918 EH/s (approaching all-time high)

Difficulty Trend: Increasing ~4% to record highs

Higher difficulty = More secure network + More mining competition

🔄 How Bitcoin Transactions Work

Think of Bitcoin transactions like getting on a bus:

  1. Buy a ticket: Submit your transaction with a fee
  2. Wait at the bus stop: Your transaction waits in the mempool
  3. Bus comes every 10 minutes: Miners create new blocks
  4. Higher fees = Priority boarding: Miners prioritize higher fees
  5. Multiple confirmations: 3-6 blocks for security (30-60 minutes)

🔐 Bitcoin Security & Cryptography

🛡️ Proof of Work Consensus

Bitcoin uses SHA-256 cryptographic hashing and Proof of Work consensus:

🔑 Cryptographic Properties

SHA-256
Hash Function
256-bit
Private Keys
2^256
Possible Addresses
15+ Years
Proven Security

🌟 Why Bitcoin Security Matters

Bitcoin's security comes from:

  • Decentralization: No single point of failure
  • Cryptographic Proof: Mathematical certainty
  • Network Effects: More miners = More security
  • Immutability: History cannot be changed

🏃‍♂️ Running a Bitcoin Node

💾 Storage Requirements (2025)

~545 GB
Full Node Storage
~7 GB
Pruned Node (Minimum)
100-150 GB
Annual Growth
1 TB
Recommended Storage

🖥️ Hardware Requirements

💡 Why Run a Bitcoin Node?

Think of running a Bitcoin node like setting up a personal library:

  • Sovereignty: Verify transactions independently
  • Privacy: No need to trust third parties
  • Network Support: Strengthen Bitcoin's decentralization
  • Full Control: Your own copy of the blockchain